![]() ![]() Babesia species that cause severe disease in naïve cattle are a potential threat to Babesia-free or non-endemic areas of the world that have competent tick vectors, including the United States. Babesia bovis is generally more pathogenic than other bovine Babesia species, with infection characterized by high fever, ataxia, anorexia, circulatory shock, and occasionally central nervous system signs due to sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes in cerebral capillaries. bigemina in various countries is closely associated with the presence of the tick Rhipicephalus microplus, which is the main vector of Babesia transmission to cattle and related species. bigemina are widely distributed and of major importance in Africa, Asia, Australia, and Central and South America. bovis-endemic herds may be pivotal in preventing the spread of this disease to non-endemic herds.īovine babesiosis, caused by protozoa of the genus Babesia (order Piroplasmida, phylum Apicomplexa), is an economically important tick-borne disease of cattle, particularly in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. It is posited that use of this assay in countries that have B. These results demonstrate excellent diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the novel SBP4 MI-ELISA for cattle with acute and long-term carrier infections. Furthermore, initial antibody detection by RAP-1 cELISA in low-dose infected animals was delayed approximately nine and a half days compared to the SBP4 MI-ELISA. ![]() However, the RAP-1 cELISA did not reliably detect antibody after eight months post-inoculation despite the fact that parasitemia was occasionally detectable by PCR. bovis strains, the SBP4 MI-ELISA remained antibody positive for 11 months or more after initial detection at 10 to 13 days post-inoculation. In cattle infected with low and high doses of three B. The diagnostic sensitivity of the SBP4 MI-ELISA was 98.7% using the IFA-positive sera collected from several areas of Mexico, in contrast to that of the RAP-1 cELISA at 60% using these same sera. The diagnostic specificity of the SBP4 MI-ELISA using IFA-negative sera collected from Texas was 100%, significantly higher than the cELISA (90.4%) based on an epitope in the rhoptry-associated protein-1 (RAP-1 cELISA). bovis positive and negative sera tested in the reference immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The format variables for SBP4 MI-ELISA were optimized and the cutoff for positive and negative interpretation was determined based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis using B. Sera were also evaluated from cattle infected experimentally with various doses and strains during acute and persistent infection with parasitemia defined by nested PCR. This SBP4 MI-ELISA was evaluated for sensitivity and specificity against field sera from regions with endemic and non-endemic B. bovis to detect antibody against diverse strains through all infection stages in cattle. MethodsĪ modified indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MI-ELISA) was developed using the spherical body protein-4 (SBP4) of B. bovis is considered a persistent infection, developing a reliable, high-throughput assay that detects antibody during all stages of the infection could be pivotal for establishing better control protocols. Cattle persistently infected with Babesia bovis are reservoirs for intra- and inter-herd transmission. ![]()
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